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Selected
National Surveys and Statistics
To
view these surveys, use the following links to jump to a
specific survey, or scroll through the entire list below
the links
To learn about surveillance activities not listed here,
please refer to Nutrition Monitoring in
the United States.
Behavioral
Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
Description:
BRFSS is a state-based
telephone survey used to assess the prevalence of personal health
practices that are related to the leading causes of death. The
survey has been conducted annually since 1984, with modules
for assessment of fruit and vegetable consumption added in 1990.
THe BRFSS is administered and supported by the Division of Adult
and Community Health at the CDC.
Population
Monitored: Adults
(aged 18+) in every state are selected by random digit dialing
and surveyed by phone. Currently, each state completes between
125 and 625 interviews a month, totaling more than 150,000 completed
interviews nation-wide each year.
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Health status (selected measures)
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Cholesterol screening practices, awareness and treatment
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Fruit & vegetable consumption
Child Nutrition Programs:
Published Studies & Summaries
Selected reports
based on OANE research include:
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The
School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study: Summary of Findings
(1993)
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Eating
Breakfast: Effects of the School Breakfast Program
(1998)
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School
Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study II (2001)
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Children's
Diets in the Mid-1990's: Dietary Intake and It's
Relationship with School Meal Participation (2001)
This searchable
web site offers access to federal and state statistics and reports
on children and their families. Reports of the Federal Interagency
Forum on Child and Family Statistics include America's
Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, the
annual Federal monitoring report on the status of the Nation's
children.
Stats and reports
include:
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population
and family characteristics
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behavior
and social environment
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Continuing Survey
of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) & Diet
and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS), 1989-91
Description:
The 1989-91 CSFII was designed to measure what Americans eat
and drink. The DHKS, conducted as a telephone follow-up, is
designed to improve understanding of links between individual’s
knowledge and attitudes to his or her dietary behavior as indicated
by food intake information. Individuals provided 3 consecutive
days of dietary data: day 1 data were in-home interviews using
1-day dietary recall, day 2 and 3 were collected using self-administered
2-day dietary records. Individuals who were identified as the
main meal planners/preparers in the CSFII were contacted by
telephone 6 weeks after collection of the dietary data and asked
to answer a series of questions about knowledge and attitudes
toward diet, health, and food safety.
Population surveyed: Children
under age 6 by proxy, children and adolescents, and adults:
3-day dietary data collected for 15,192 individuals, dietary
intake data for 11,912 individuals, and diet and health information
for 5,730 individuals identified as main meal planners/preparers.
The data set contains
1000+ variables on household and individual:
More
information: http://www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey/Csfii89.html
National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES):
Description:
NHANES is series of
surveys, begun in 1960, designed to collect information about
the health and diet of people across the United States. NHANES
combines telephone and home interviews with health tests (physical
examinations and laboratory tests) conducted in a mobile examination
center. The current NHANES began in April 1999 and will be a continuous
survey, visiting 15 U.S. locations a year.
Population
monitored: Approximately
5,000 civilian, non-institutionalized persons ages 2 months and
older are surveyed annually.
Used to assess:
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Household
& family level:
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Individual
level:
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| Socio-demographics
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Socio-demographic
characteristics |
| Household
characteristics |
Health
status and history (many variables) |
| Occupation
|
Dietary
Supplement and Medicine Use |
| Food
Security |
Dietary
Behavior and Nutrition (assessed by 24-hour recall and 1-month
food frequency) |
| Health
insurance |
Physical
Activity and Fitness |
| Pesticide
use |
Occupation
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| Smoking
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Social
Support |
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Weight
History |
Results:
Nutrition Monitoring
in the United States, The Directory of Federal and State Nutrition
Monitoring and Related
Research Activities
This is
a comprehensive 267 page guide that lists and describes
survey, surveillance, and research activities on national and
state levels. The Directory is designed for researchers, reporters,
and the public, and includes links directly to the Federal and
State sources included in the Directory.
The Directory is
organized into five major areas:
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Nutrition
and related health measures
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Food
supply determinations
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Food
composition and nutrient data bases
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Knowledge,
attitudes, and behavior assessments
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Food
and Nutrient consumption
Pediatric Nutrition
Surveillance System (PedNSS)
Description: Begun
in 1973, PedNSS is intended to provide a framework for tabulating
and interpreting state-specific information on the nutritional
characteristics of low-income children. The survey is program-based
and uses already available data collected from health, nutrition,
and food assistance programs for infants and children [i.e. Women,
Infants, and Children Supplemental Food Program (WIC); Early Periodic
Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT); and clinics funded
by Maternal and Child Health Program (MCH) Block Grants]. Participating
entities submit data to CDC on a monthly basis. CDC provides assistance
to the participants on using and interpreting their data. CDC
encourages the PedNSS participants to distribute appropriate sections
of the summaries to individual counties, clinics, and programs.
Population Monitored:
Low-income children ~ birth-17 years of age, with emphasis on
birth-5 years of age ~ served by public health programs. As of
1997, 44 states, the District of Colombia, and 5 tribal governments
were participating in PedNSS.
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Socio-demographic
variables
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Anthropometric indices (height/length, weight)
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Iron status (hemoglobin and/or hematocrit)
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Breastfeeding
Results:
State and National level results are available for 1997 with trend hightlights
from 1989-97 in the report entitled Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance,
1997. The Executive Summary and Full Report are available on-line:
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pednss.htm
More information:
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pednss.htm.
Pregnancy Nutrition
Surveillance System (PNSS)
Description:
PNSS
is designed as a program-based surveillance system, based on data
collected from health, nutrition, and food assistance programs for
pregnant women, such as the Special Supplemental Food Program for
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and prenatal clinics funded by
Maternal and Child Health Program (MCH) Block Grants. PNSS has been
conducted continuously since 1978. Participating entities submit information
to CDC on a quarterly basis. The data are returned to states/agencies
via annual data summaries.
Population
monitored: Low income,
high-risk pregnant women who participate in publicly-funded prenatal
nutrition and food assistance programs. As of 1996, 22 states, the
District of Columbia, and 2 tribal goernments were contributing records.
Most records (97%) came from WIC agencies.
Used
to assess:
School Health Policies
and Programs Study (SHPPS)
Description: The
School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) is a national
survey periodically (1994 and 2000 to date) conducted to assess
school health policies and programs at the state, district,
school, and classroom levels. Data are collected by self-administered
mail questionnaires and computer-assisted personal interviews
in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The study is
sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC).
Population surveyed: State,
district, school, and classroom personnel who are responsible
for school health policies and programs. In 1994, 79% of schools
nation-wide responded. In 2000, 71% of schools responded.
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Physical
education and activity
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School
policy and environment
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Mental
health and social services
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Faculty
and staff health promotion
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Family
and community involvement
SHPPS 1994:
National level results are available on-line in the form of an
overview report and topical fact sheets: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dash/shpps.
More
information:
http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/index.htm
What We Eat In
America Survey, 1994-96, 1998
(CSFII and DHKS 1994-96, 1998)
Description:
USDA's 10th nationwide
survey is called the 1994-96, 1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes
by Individuals (CSFII). In 1994-96, the Diet and Health Knowledge
Survey (DHKS) was conducted as a follow-up telephone survey to the
CSFII. The CSFII and DHKS together are popularly known as the What
We Eat in America survey. In 1998, dietary data were collected from
children birth through 9 years of age using the same methods as in
1994-96.
Population
surveyed: The survey
sample was scientifically selected to be representative of the U.S.
population. In each year, approximately 5,500 participants were surveyed
in 62 geographical areas across the country. Proxy interviews were
conducted for children under 6 years of age. Children 6 to 11 years
of age were asked to provide their own food intake information assisted
by an adult household member.
Survey measured
many variables related to:
- Dietary intake,
nutrition knowledge and attitudes
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Health/disease
status, knowledge and attitudes
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Socio-demographic
information
Results:
Microdata from the survey may be ordered on CD- ROM. Table sets of
food and nutrient intakes can be viewed as pdf documents. http://www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey/
More information:
http://www.barc.usda.gov/bhnrc/foodsurvey/home.htm
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance
System (YRBSS)
Description: YRBSS
is a national surveillance system designed to monitor six categories
of priority health risk behaviors among youth and young adults.
The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted
by CDC, as well as territorial, state, and local school-based
surveys conducted by education and health agencies.
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National: a nationally representative sample of students
in grades 9 - 12. 15,349 questionnaires were completed in 144
schools (66% overall response).
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State and local: The data
were weighted for surveys from 22 states and 14 large cities
(each had an overall response rate of >60% and appropriate documentation).
Weighted data from the majority of these states and cities can
be generalized to all public school students in grades 9--12
in the respective jurisdiction. For surveys that did not have
an overall response rate of >60% and appropriate documentation,
the data were not weighted. Unweighted data from 11 states and
2 large cities apply only to students participating in the survey.
The YRBSS survey
monitors:
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Behaviors
that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries
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Alcohol
and other drug use
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Sexual
behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases
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Unhealthy
dietary behaviors
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National Alternative
High School Youth Risk Behavior Survey
(ALT-YRBS)
ALT-YRBS
is one component of the YRBSS (described above); it was conducted
in 1998 to measure priority health-risk behaviors among students
at alternative high schools. A report summarizing the results
from the 1998 ALT-YRBS can be viewed at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4807a1.htm
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